Limited Availability: Finding suitable land with sufficient size and great solar irradiance can be difficult due to the high density of development and agricultural land.

Complex Permitting Process: Obtaining necessary permits from various government agencies can be time-consuming and require navigating bureaucratic hurdles.

Community Approval: Securing buy-in and addressing concerns from local communities affected by the project can be challenging.

Grid Capacity Constraints: Integrating large-scale solar projects into the existing grid may be limited due to its infrastructure capacity.

Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs): Negotiating long-term PPAs with state-owned utility PLN can be challenging due to fluctuating tariffs and non-transparent pricing mechanisms.

Transmission Costs: Connecting the project to the grid in remote areas might require costly transmission line upgrades.

Access to Finance: Securing loans and investments for large-scale solar projects in Indonesia can be difficult due to perceived risks and high interest rates.

Currency Fluctuations: The volatile Indonesian rupiah can expose projects to financial risks related to currency fluctuations.

Natural Disaster Risks: Indonesia's vulnerability to earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and tsunamis requires developers to consider additional insurance and mitigation costs.

Import Duties and Trade Barriers: Importing specialized equipment and materials can be expensive due to high import duties and potential trade barriers.

Limited Skilled Workforce: Finding qualified construction and maintenance personnel experienced with large-scale solar projects can be a challenge.

Remote Location Constraints: Transporting equipment and materials to remote areas may incur additional logistical costs and require specialized infrastructure.